ABSTRACT
The effect of prefeeding of dehydrated E. officinalis (amla) powder at 5 and 10% levels on hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)-induced changes in multicomponent antioxidant system and lipid peroxides in rat liver was studied. HCH induced significant elevation in hepatic malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes and hydroperoxides. The prefeeding of amla at 10% level could decrease the formation of these lipid peroxides significantly. The HCH abuse resulted in a significant reduction in hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities with an elevation in the activities of glutathione peroxidase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). On the other hand, the HCH-induced impairment in hepatic catalase, G-6-PDH and SOD activities were modulated by amla at the 10% level of intake. Prefeeding of amla at 5 and 10% levels appeared to reduce the HCH-induced raise in renal GGT activity. The results show the elevation of hepatic antioxidant system and reduction of cytotoxic products as a result of prefeeding of amla, which were otherwise affected by the HCH administration.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antioxidants/analysis , Cytoprotection/drug effects , Eating/drug effects , Kidney/enzymology , Hexachlorocyclohexane , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Liver/chemistry , Liver Diseases/chemically induced , Male , Organ Size/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Phyllanthus emblica/chemistry , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Weight Gain/drug effects , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/analysisABSTRACT
Effect of prefeeding dehydrated amaranth (A. gangeticus) leaves at 10 and 20% levels on a chemical toxicant, dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced free radical stress in rat liver was evaluated. DMH-induced rise in hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), was diminished by AL. AL intake resulted in a significant increase in hepatic glutathione (GSH). The feeding of AL at 10% level increased the hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) activity, while that at 20% level increased the hepatic glutathione reductase (GSSGR) as well, in addition to G-6-PDH. Amaranth leaves at 10 and 20% levels of feeding diminished the hepatic superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. DMH influenced adversely the hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities. Simultaneous administration of DMH and feeding of AL enhanced the DMH-induced decrease in hepatic GSH-Px. DMH enhanced formation of micronuclei was reverted significantly by AL intake. Hence, it was concluded that the consumption of AL at 20% level reduced DMH-induced impaired antioxidant status in rat liver.
Subject(s)
Amaranthus/metabolism , Animals , Antioxidants/metabolism , Body Weight , Bone Marrow/metabolism , Colon/metabolism , Dimethylhydrazines/pharmacology , Free Radicals , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Glutathione/metabolism , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Glutathione Reductase/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation , Liver/enzymology , Male , Malondialdehyde/pharmacology , Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective/metabolism , Organ Size , Oxidative Stress , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolismABSTRACT
Effects of photodynamic treatments on inherent antioxidant metabolites and cellular defence enzymes have been investigated in rats. Wistar rats were grouped into untreated controls, light controls, hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) (treated with 5 and 10 mg Hpd/kg body weight and kept in dark) and sets treated with both Hpd and red light (dose 172 and 344 j/m2 ). After 2, 24, 48 and 72 hr of Hpd injection the rats sacrificed, livers quickly excised to analyze Hpd uptake, activities of enzymes like catalase, GSH-Px and antioxidants like GSH, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C. The results showed that the loss of Hpd from liver as a function of post- injection time was non- linear. An increased generation of lipid radicals was observed in the groups treated with 5 mg Hpd and higher dose of light and in groups treated with 10 mg Hpd at both the doses of light. Combination of light and Hpd reduced hepatic GSH content with a concomitant reduction in GSH-Px. At higher doses of Hpd and light, there was a significant reduction in hepatic vitamin A levels. Combination of Hpd and light in all doses reduced vitamin E content in liver. The decreased biological antioxidant contents and GSH-Px may be attributed to their utilization for the scavenging of free radicals generated by Hpd and light in tissues. However, no change in catalase activity and vitamin C content in liver was noted in experimental rats. The results suggest that exposure to higher doses of Hpd with light alters oxidant stress system and TBARS content in rat.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Hematoporphyrin Derivative/pharmacokinetics , Liver/metabolism , Male , Photochemotherapy , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Vitamins/metabolismABSTRACT
Entomological investigation during an outbreak of malaria in Gorubandha PHC in Sonitpur district revealed unusually high density of Anopheles culicifacies followed by An.minimus. Parity rates of both the species were very high, 65% and 62.2% respectively. An. culicifacies was incriminated as malaria vector. Sporozoite rate recorded was 0.63%. Both the species were found susceptible to DDT. This substantiates the epidemiological observation which yielded 98% Plasmodium falciparum malaria out of 35.2% malaria positive cases. Incrimination of An. culicifacies means adding one more malaria vector to this region.